Jellyfish: from environmental threat to sustainable innovation – The proliferation of jellyfish is a phenomenon that is preoccupying scientists and researchers worldwide. Although these enigmatic gelatinous plankton may pose a threat to the marine ecosystem, they also offer surprising opportunities for sustainable innovation.
Jellyfish research in Kerteminde
Kerteminde, a picturesque harbour town in central Denmark, has become the centre of important research conducted by the University of Southern Denmark (SDU). Here, a team of scientists studies the jellyfish that thrive just below the surface of the water, collecting samples and monitoring environmental conditions to understand the causes of their proliferation.
The researchers have identified several factors that contribute to the growth of jellyfish populations, including overfishing, which removes their predators and competitors, and agricultural runoff, which depletes oxygen in the water. Unlike other marine species, jellyfish are not bothered by low oxygen levels, which allows them to thrive in environments less favourable to other organisms.
Sustainable uses of jellyfish
Although the proliferation of jellyfish can be a problem, scientists see in these creatures an opportunity to develop innovative and sustainable solutions. For example, jellyfish could provide an alternative source of collagen for cosmetics and could be used to capture microplastic particles, thus contributing to the cleanliness of the oceans.
The GoJelly project
The EU-funded GoJelly project has developed a method to use jellyfish mucus to filter waste water before it reaches the ocean. This innovative approach uses the natural properties of jellyfish to absorb and trap particles in a biological filter, offering a natural solution for water treatment.
Processing into fertiliser
In Apulia, researchers at the Institute of Food Production Sciences in Lecce have been working on transforming jellyfish into fertiliser for plants. Using frozen marine jellyfish and vacuum drying techniques, these scientists created a powder rich in amino acids, minerals and nutrients that promote plant growth. Experimental results indicate that plants treated with this fertiliser grow better than those treated with conventional substrates.
Potential health benefits
Jellyfish could also offer human health benefits. Preliminary research has identified bioactive compounds in jellyfish that could trigger the death of breast cancer cells without harming healthy cells. Although research is still in its early stages, these findings open up new possibilities for the development of innovative medical treatments.
Sustainability as a priority
Experts emphasise the importance of sustainable approaches in the management of jellyfish populations. Large-scale fishing could have negative effects on the marine ecosystem, so it is crucial to adopt sustainable production methods, such as jellyfish aquaculture. Furthermore, it is essential to address the root causes of marine problems, such as climate change, pollution and overfishing, to preserve the health of the oceans.
Jellyfish, which have been present in marine ecosystems for 500 million years, can offer innovative solutions to environmental problems and opportunities for new technological developments. However, it is crucial that any exploitation of jellyfish is done in a sustainable manner, ensuring that these creatures continue to maintain their role in the natural balance of our oceans. With a holistic and adaptive approach, we can harness the potential of jellyfish for the benefit of the environment and society.
Jellyfish: from environmental threat to sustainable innovation
